Scaevola, commonly known as the fan flower, is a genus of flowering plants native to Australia and the Pacific Islands. These plants have gained popularity in gardens worldwide due to their unique fan-shaped flowers and hardy nature. With numerous species and cultivars available, each with its distinctive features and bloom colors, Scaevola offers a versatile option for various garden styles and climates. In this article, we will investigate the different species and cultivars of Scaevola, describe their unique features, and suggest the best types for different garden settings.
An Introduction to Scaevola Species and Cultivars
Scaevola aemula
One of the most widely cultivated sp
ecies is Scaevola aemula. Known for its trailing habit, this species is perfect for hanging baskets, window boxes, and ground cover. The flowers are typically blue or purple, although white and pink varieties are also available. Scaevola aemula thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it a popular choice for gardeners in warmer climates.
Scaevola albida
Commonly referred to as the white fan flower, is a smaller species that forms dense mats of foliage. With its compact growth habit, this plant is highly drought-tolerant and produces an abundance of white or pale blue flowers. It thrives in dry, sunny locations, making it perfect for rock gardens, borders, and ground cover.
Scaevola taccada
Scaevola taccada, commonly referred to as beach naupaka or sea lettuce, is a coastal species that thrives in tropical and subtropical regions. This species is characterized by its thick, fleshy leaves and white or pale lavender flowers. Scaevola taccada is highly salt-tolerant and can withstand harsh coastal conditions, making it an excellent choice for seaside gardens.
Scaevola ramosissima
known as the small-fruited fan flower, is a shrub-like species that can grow up to one meter in height. It showcases small, vibrant blue flowers and narrow, leathery leaves. This plant is particularly well-suited to gardens in arid and semi-arid regions, as it is highly drought-resistant and thrives in poor, sandy soils.
Unique Features and Bloom Colors of Scaevola Varieties
Flower Structure
The most distinctive feature of Scaevola flowers is their unique fan shape, which gives the genus its common name. Unlike the typical radial symmetry seen in many flowers, Scaevola blooms are bilaterally symmetrical, resembling a half flower. This unique structure not only adds visual interest but also attracts a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies.
Color Spectrum
Scaevola varieties offer a broad spectrum of bloom colors, ranging from deep blues and purples to soft pinks and whites. The vibrant hues of Scaevola aemula cultivars like ‘Blue Wonder’ and ‘New Wonder’ provide a striking contrast in garden beds and containers. On the other hand, the delicate white and pale blue flowers of Scaevola albida and Scaevola taccada create a more subtle, elegant display.
Foliage and Growth Habits
In addition to their distinctive flowers, Scaevola plants are known for their varied foliage and growth habits. Scaevola aemula and Scaevola albida exhibit a trailing or spreading growth pattern, making them ideal for ground cover or cascading over the edges of containers. In contrast, Scaevola ramosissima and Scaevola taccada have a more upright, shrub-like form, suitable for use as low hedges or accent plants.
Best Scaevola Types for Different Garden Styles and Climates
Cottage and Coastal Gardens
For cottage gardens, the trailing varieties of Scaevola aemula, such as ‘Bombay Dark Blue’ and ‘Bombay White’, provide a charming, old-fashioned appeal. Their cascading blooms add softness and color to informal plantings and mixed borders. Coastal gardens can benefit from the inclusion of Scaevola taccada, with its ability to thrive in salty, sandy conditions and its attractive, fleshy foliage.
Xeriscaping and Rock Gardens
In xeriscaping and rock gardens, where water conservation is crucial, Scaevola albida and Scaevola ramosissima are excellent choices. Their drought tolerance and low water requirements make them ideal for these challenging environments. Scaevola albida’s dense, mat-forming habit is particularly effective for stabilizing slopes and preventing soil erosion.
Container and Urban Gardens
Urban gardens and small spaces can be enhanced with Scaevola aemula cultivars like ‘Fairy Pink’ and ‘Purple Fanfare’. These varieties thrive in containers, hanging baskets, and window boxes, adding color and interest to patios, balconies, and terraces. Their continuous bloom throughout the growing season ensures a long-lasting display in confined spaces.
Subtropical and Tropical Gardens
In subtropical and tropical gardens, Scaevola taccada is an invaluable addition. Its resilience to high humidity, intense sunlight, and salty air makes it perfect for creating lush, low-maintenance landscapes. Planting Scaevola taccada along coastal areas can help protect against wind and salt spray while providing a natural barrier and habitat for wildlife.
Formal and Mediterranean Gardens
For more formal garden settings, Scaevola ramosissima offers a structured, upright growth habit that complements geometric designs and clipped hedges. Its blue flowers provide a pop of color against the green backdrop of formal plantings. Mediterranean gardens, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters, can benefit from the inclusion of Scaevola albida and Scaevola ramosissima, both of which thrive in such climates.